Major pest flies
House Fly - Musca domestica
House fly is a worldwide pest. It is commonly found in homes, factories, shops and near rubbish tips. As their larvae develop in decaying animal or vegetable material, adults are also found somewhere near.
House fly can transmit large number of parasites and diseases from one animal to another or to humans. They are known to carry more than 65 human and animal diseases, such as bovine virus diarrhea, parainfluenza, mastitis, anthrax, food poisoning (Salmonella) or even eggs of some parasitic worms.
Stable fly - Stomoxys calcitrans
Both males and females of this fly feed on blood, so they are usually found around feedlots, cattle loafing areas or horse stables. Stable flies bite aggressively, mostly during the daylight hours and are most often found on the lower parts of animals.
Stable flies breed in outdoor silage, decayed hay, piled manure and similar places. On average, the lifecycle takes around 28 days.
Stable flies are also known to carry several diseases, namely anthrax or trypanosomosis.
Blowflies
There are many species of flies worldwide, named bluebottles, greenbottles, bronzebottles or simply blowflies – they all have shiny metallic green, blue or dull brassy bodies and belong to Calliphoridae family. As their larvae feed on decaying organic matter, these flies are pests of slaughter houses, canning factories or houses. Outdoors they are associated with decaying animal matter, excrement; decaying vegetation and rubbish tips, their larvae (together with larvae of some other fly families) are used by Forensic entomologists to calculate time since death of human remains. Because blow flies move between dead animals or dung and human habitats, they may transmit bacteria that cause dysentery, typhus or cholera.
Commonly encountered species are Phormia regina, Phaenicia (or Lucilia) sericata, Calliphora vicina etc.
New World screw-worm fly - Cochliomyia hominivorax
Larvae of these flies are parasitic and develop in living or necrotic tissues of animals or humans and cause a disease called myiasis. In cases of severe infestations by maggots, death of the host may occur.
During the 1960's, it was estimated that United States livestock losses due to screwworm were in excess of $250million/year. By releasing laboratory reared sterile males, USDA managed to eradicate screwworms from US in 1982 and from Mexico in 1991 and helped to do the same in Guatemala and Belize in 1994 and Honduras in 1996.
This fly also belongs to Calliphoridae family.
Fruit flies – family Tephritidae
Adults of fruit flies lay eggs in vegetables and fruits where larvae (maggots) feed and grow. Adults usually live very short, only several days, but some can live for several moths. Fruit flies are serious pests all around the world and in many countries they are quarantine object.
The best known species of fruitflies are Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) – Ceratitis capitata, Oriental fruit fly – Bactrocera dorsalis, Melon fly – Bactrocera cucurbitae, Caribbean fruit fly – Anastrepha suspensa.
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